Application and Analysis: Precede-Proceed Model
Public health programs have the sole ultimate goal of protecting the health of the public (DiClemente, Salazar, & Crosby, 2013). For effective implementation of health change programs public health professionals should identify appropriate theories and techniques to incorporate in their planning process. Precede-Proceed Model is one of the significant tools to identify the health behavior situation and plan for intervention accordingly.
- Explain how the PPM was used to address planning and intervention characteristics in the Cole & Horacek (2010) article.
“My Body Knows When” community campaign was developed through nine phases using the Precede-Proceed Model (PPM). PPM was used to identify health behavior issues of the community members, what they value the most, what their social major concerns are and possible available support (Cole & Horacek, 2010).
Precede Phase
The Precede Phase is the foundation of this public health program design. It enables the identification of the program goals: (1) It pinpoints necessary health priorities that describe community issues; (2) It identifies factors that can affect the behavior or attitude of the audience; (3) It identifies necessary stakeholders and factors that can influence health behavior implementation program (Gielen, A. C., & Eileen M. M. 1996).
Cole and Horacek (2010) stated that the program used five precede diagnostic phases during the designing process.
Phase 1- Social Analysis: A survey was conducted to identify the standard of life of participants that included the practice of physical activities, emotional eating and hunger as well as needs for encouragement (Cole & Horacek, 2010).
Phase 2 – Epidemiological Assessment: In this phase, researchers were committed to identifying health issues that might be associated with the lifestyle discussed in Phase one. At this Phase, body Max Index and other health related data were collected.
Phase 3 – Behavioral/Environmental Assessment: The identification of stressors and other health issues were then linked to the participants’ behaviors. Researchers categorized heath behavioral factors to influence participants’ lifestyle focusing on physical activities, eating habits, and feelings regarding their commitment to lose weight.
Phase 4 – Educational/Ecological Assessment: With the available data gathered in the previous precede phases, researchers were able to elaborate on the intervention program that will address the issues, which are “physical activities, self-image, emotional eating, hunger/fullness cues, and the need for incentives” (Cole & Horacek, 2010).
Phase 5 – Administrative/Policy Assessment: The identification of external resources to support health programs and other factors that might affect the implementation process is an important step to include in the planning process. In Phase 5, the “My Body Knows When” implementers identified resources, stakeholders and challenges that the program might encounter during the implementation.
Proceed Phase
Considered as the program development stage, the proceed phase mainly includes implementing the actual planned program and conducting both process and outcome evaluations.
Cole and Horacek (2010) stated that program implementation work started in Phase 6 whereas process evaluation of the program was biweekly conducted in Phase 7. During Phase 8, researchers evaluated participants’ perception to the intervention while assessing its impact. In Phase 9, researchers measured the impact of the program participants. There was no significant difference found between the control and the on intervention groups in regard to their body measurements.
- Determine and explain if the use of the model made sense based on the description of the model in the appropriate textbook chapter and supplemental materials.
The application Precede-Proceed Model in the case of “My Body Knows When” program satisfied requirements to plan and implement the campaign. The model respected the planning steps and implementation process. Monitoring and evaluation were thoroughly conducted.
- In review of your chosen secondary articles, how did the application of the model differ between the interventions? In your opinion, is one application a better use of the model than the other? Explain.
I believe the use of the model depends on the type of health intervention to be implemented and also on the type of both the primary and secondary audiences. I was interested in the article “Using the Precede–Proceed Model of Health Program Planning in Breast Cancer Nursing Research” (Tramm, McCarthy & Yates, 2011), which properly illustrated the use of PPM to develop a health program regarding breast cancer.
Different from the PPM application described by Cole and Horacek (2010), Tramm, et al. (2011) stated that to ensure effective use of the PPM, researchers should identify as many factors as possible that might influence the health behavior of the target group (1871). For example, the environmental factors such as economical, physical and social environment were critically analyzed in Phase 2 in order to provide necessary information for the effective planning process whereas in the “My Body Knows When” model, planning places its main focus on participants’ behavior.
Due to the significant role of the Precede-Proceed Model in effectively developing theoretical strategies when planning for health promotion in the communities, public health professionals should critically identify and analyze factors that affect target members’ behavior, source of resources and understand the implication of environmental factors to the behavior they intend to change.
References
Cole, R. E., Horacek, T. (2010). Effectiveness of the “my body knows when” intuitive-eating pilot program. Retrieved from http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/ pubmed/ 20001186
DiClemente, R.D., Salazar, L. F., & Crosby, R. A. (2013). Health behavior theory for public health. Burlington. Jones & Bartlett Learning.
Gielen, A. C., & Eileen M. M. (1996). Section 2. Precede/proceed. Retrieved fromhttp://ctb.ku.edu/en/table-contents/overview/other-models-promoting-community-health-and-development/preceder-proceder/main
Tramm, R., McCarthy, A., & Yates, P. (2011). Using the precede–proceed model of health program planning in breast cancer nursing research. Retrieved from Journal of Advance Nursing published 15 October 2011
